The results suggest that there is no wealth effect in the market but only substitution effect.

实证结果表明,我国房地产市场不具有财富效应而仅具有替代效应.

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That's not a paradox, because rising wages have an income as well as a substitution effect.

这不是悖论, 是因为工资增长有收入效应还有替代效应.

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It promotes the income effect, substitution effect and finance effect aroused by tax.

税务筹划利导了企业税收引起的收入效应 、 替代效应与金融效应.

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The consumption effect of the interest rise depends on the substitution effect and the income effect.

利率上升的消费效用取决于利率上升的替代效应和收入效应的作用之和.

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